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Let us use this picture of a young woman in profile view to study the proportions of the human body.

First, we can see that she is 7 heads tall. The distance from her heels to her knees is the same as from her knees to her mid-hips, and from that point to the top of her shoulders. (Her knees are a little difficult to see in this posture.) Note her neck, it's longer than you may have thought - about 1/3 of her head length.

Now let's take a closer look at her arms and legs. Her upper arm (shoulder to elbow) and her forearm (elbow to wrist, without the hand) have the same length. (Her elbow, again, is difficult to see in this picture.) Her hand (wrist to fingertips) adds to that about half or 2/3 of the length.

At the legs, it is different. Her thigh (hip to knee) is longer than her lower leg (knee to ankle). As we have seen, the lower leg including the foot measures about the same as the thigh. So when you draw the leg, you will get the correct proportions easier if you subtract the foot, rather than adding it.

A closer look at her torso. The human torso is sort of peanut-shaped and can be constructed from two ovals: the upper one is the rib cage and the lower one outlines the lower abdomial area and the buttocks. The angle between these two ovals can vary, but in an upright stance in side view it is typically as much as 120°, as you can see in this picture. In side view, draw the rib cage not as a real ellipse, but narrowing in somewhat at the top.

Finally let's take a closer look at her legs. It is useful to draw the kneecap as a small oval and let the curves of the upper and lower leg meet in the kneecap as shown below. This method works very well for bent knees too. The thigh begins wide (in side view, almost as wide as the waist) and narrows in as it approaches the knee. Its shape is convex throughout, except for where it meets the buttocks (in side view). The back of the lower leg (in side view) is notably convex at the calves and becomes slightly concave as it approaches the heel. The front of the the lower leg is slightly concave throughout its length and joins smoothly in the curve of the foot.

Note in particular how different the thigh and the lower legs are. The volume of the thigh is two to three times the volume of the lower leg.